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GHG emissions

Emission by gas

National emissions

Overall emissions

Emissions by sector

Emission by gas

Data and methods

Sources of activity data

Emission factors

Methodology (IPCC)

Reduction targets

GHG emissions were projected by 2030, taking into account assumptions applied to the baseline scenario and each mitigation scenario. The baseline scenario is that GHG emissions are produced in a system where no emission control policy is conducted. This reference enabled
estimate the effectiveness of policies and measures to combat GHG emissions.
A long process of consultation with the relevant ministerial departments,
Public institutions and the private sector have been engaged to identify relevant mitigation measures consistent with the country ' s economic and social development objectives and priorities (paragraph 94 of decision 18/MAC.1).
Projections of emissions and removals are shown in table 27 below. These projections begin with 2023, the last year considered by the most recent GHG inventory (paragraph 95).

Contribution of sectors

This sector graph shows the distribution of

CO_2

between two specific areas: energy and agriculture. The most striking element is the massive domination of the Agriculture (in pink), which represents almost all of the programs shown here, i.e. about 93 % total surface area. In contrast, the Energy (in blue) occupies only one congruous portion, estimated at about 7 %.

CO2 — Sector contribution to emissions

Burundi was a non-issuer from 2005 to 2022. In 2023, the balance sheet
emissions/absorptions becomes positive with a value of 345,798 Gg Eq.CO2.

Evolution of net CO2 emissions (2005 → 2023)

CO2 — Trends in emissions by sector

Contribution of sectors

Agriculture (orange): This is by far the predominant sector. It occupies more than two thirds of the graph (about 70-75 %), confirming its major role in methane production, generally linked to livestock and crops.
Energy (pink): This sector represents the second largest source of emissions, covering slightly more than a quarter of the total (about 25 %). This usually corresponds to leakage during extraction and transport of fossil fuels.
The FAT sector (blue): The latter sector (probably linked to waste management or specific industrial processes) occupies only a small proportion, almost negligible compared to the other two pillars.

CH4 — Sector contribution to emissions

This graph reveals a continued increase and concern Net methane emissions ( $CH_4$ ) over the last 18 years, going about 1,680 tonnes in 2005 to 1,870 tonnes in 2023. This overall increase in 11% stresses the continuing difficulty in controlling the sources of this gas (agriculture, waste, energy), whose warming power is much higher than that of $CO_2$ In the short term. The absence of a level or decline over this period indicates that, despite current environmental policies, efforts to reduce the climate need to be considerably intensified to hope to reverse this climate curve.

CH4 — Trends in emissions by sector

Contribution of sectors

This circular graph illustrates the distribution of nitrous oxide emissions ( $N_2O$ ) by sector of activity, highlighting a massive dominance of the FAT sector (probably linked to forest, agriculture or territory management depending on the context) which accounts for about 85% of the total. Agriculture is second with a share of around 14%, while the energy sector is marginal, almost anecdotal, with less than 1% of emissions. This analysis clearly demonstrates that to reduce the impact of $N_2O$ — a greenhouse gas with a heating capacity close to 300 times greater than that of the $CO_2$ — actions must focus almost exclusively on practices related to land use and agricultural activities.

N20 — Sector contribution to emissions

In contrast to methane, $N_2O$ have experienced a spectacular and positive fall, passing from near 150 tonnes in 2005 at near zero in 2023. This massive reduction is all the more crucial as the sector FAT (Forests, Agriculture, Territory) is responsible for the vast majority of emissions (about 85%), far aheadAgriculture (14%) andEnergy which remains anecdotal. These data suggest a radical and successful transformation of practices within the dominant sector, allowing for the virtual elimination of this particularly persistent greenhouse gas footprint over this period.

Massive collapse: In 2005, emissions were dominated by the FAT (in blue), up to about 130 units, supplemented by theAgriculture (orange) for a total approaching 150 units.
The situation in 2023: Total emissions are almost eliminated. The FAT and Agriculture sectors, formerly predominant, appear to have been completely eliminated or reduced to a negligible level. Only a tiny trace from the sector Energy (in pink) remains.

N2O — Trends in emissions by sector